Pietro Caruso was a senior Italian Fascist official and served as Rome’s police chief during World War II, under Nazi occupation. In this role, he became directly involved in one of the darkest atrocities committed in Italy during the war.
Caruso helped organize the Fosse Ardeatine massacre in March 1944, a Nazi reprisal in which 335 civilians and political prisoners were executed in caves outside Rome following a partisan attack on German forces. The victims included Jews, resistance members, and ordinary civilians—many chosen arbitrarily to meet execution quotas.
After Rome was liberated by Allied forces in June 1944, Caruso was arrested, put on trial for war crimes and collaboration, and quickly convicted. He was executed by firing squad, becoming one of the first high-ranking Fascist officials in Italy to face postwar justice.
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